第63章 大卫与歌利亚
§1
第63章 大卫与歌利亚
§2
Chap. 63 - David and Goliath
§3
扫罗王既知道自己已被上帝所弃绝，又感到先知谴责他之重，心中就充满了悖逆和绝望之感。这骄傲之王的低头，并非出于真正的悔改。他还没有看清楚自己的罪是多么可憎，也没有发奋改正自己的生活，只想到上帝废除他以色列的王位，并夺去他子孙承继宝座的权利。他认为这是不公平的，故而怀怨在心。他的思想经常预感到他王室所必遭受的败亡。他觉得自己在抵抗仇敌的战役上所显示的勇力，应该足以抵消他悖逆的罪。他没有柔和地接受上帝的管教；于是他那傲慢的心情使他转为绝望，甚至他几乎失去了理性。他的谋士建议找一个善于弹琴的人来，希望借美妙的琴音可以安抚他那焦灼的心境。由于上帝的安排，那善于弹琴的大卫就被召见了。他那高尚而出于灵感的琴声，起了良好的作用，那压在扫罗心上像一层乌云一般的深沉忧郁，居然被驱散了。[1]{PP 643.1}
§4
When King Saul realized that he had been rejected by God, and when he felt the force of the words of denunciation that had been addressed to him by the prophet, he was filled with bitter rebellion and despair. It was not true repentance that had bowed the proud head of the king. He had no clear perception of the offensive character of his sin, and did not arouse to the work of reforming his life, but brooded over what he thought was the injustice of God in depriving him of the throne of Israel and in taking the succession away from his posterity. He was ever occupied in anticipating the ruin that had been brought upon his house. He felt that the valor which he had displayed in encountering his enemies should offset his sin of disobedience. He did not accept with meekness the chastisement of God; but his haughty spirit became desperate, until he was on the verge of losing his reason. His counselors advised him to seek for the services of a skillful musician, in the hope that the soothing notes of a sweet instrument might calm his troubled spirit. In the providence of God, David, as a skillful performer upon the harp, was brought before the king. His lofty and heaven-inspired strains had the desired effect. The brooding melancholy that had settled like a dark cloud over the mind of Saul was charmed away.{PP 643.1}[1]
§5
当扫罗宫廷里不需要大卫侍奉时，他就再到山间牧放羊群，并保持他那淳朴的精神和态度。遇有必要，他就被召到王面前弹琴，去安抚王的心，直到恶魔离开他为止。扫罗虽然喜悦大卫和他的音乐，但这个青年牧人每次离开王宫回到他田野和山间的牧场时，总是感觉轻松愉快的。[2]{PP 643.2}
§6
When his services were not required at the court of Saul, David returned to his flocks among the hills and continued to maintain his simplicity of spirit and demeanor. Whenever it was necessary, he was recalled to minister before the king, to soothe the mind of the troubled monarch till the evil spirit should depart from him. But although Saul expressed delight in David and his music, the young shepherd went from the kings house to the fields and hills of his pasture with a sense of relief and gladness.{PP 643.2}[2]
§7
上帝和人喜爱大卫的心与日俱增。他既爱耶和华的教训，明白他的道，如今他就比从前更专心地实行上帝的旨意。他有新的题目来思考。他已经到过王庭，也知道王的种种责任。他已发现那围绕着扫罗的一些试探，并看出以色列第一个王品格和行动的一些秘密。他看到王家的荣华被黑暗的愁云遮住了，他深知扫罗的一家在私生活上没有一点幸福。这一切，都使这受膏作以色列王的大卫思虑烦扰。但当他全神贯注于深思默想之中，并为焦虑的思想所搅扰时，他就借助于琴弦来提高自己的心灵，去仰望各样美善恩赐之泉源的主，于是那似乎笼罩着他前面的黑云就被驱散了。[3]{PP 643.3}
§8
David was growing in favor with God and man. He had been instructed in the way of the Lord, and he now set his heart more fully to do the will of God than ever before. He had new themes for thought. He had been in the court of the king and had seen the responsibilities of royalty. He had discovered some of the temptations that beset the soul of Saul and had penetrated some of the mysteries in the character and dealings of Israels first king. He had seen the glory of royalty shadowed with a dark cloud of sorrow, and he knew that the household of Saul, in their private life, were far from happy. All these things served to bring troubled thoughts to him who had been anointed to be king over Israel. But while he was absorbed in deep meditation, and harassed by thoughts of anxiety, he turned to his harp, and called forth strains that elevated his mind to the Author of every good, and the dark clouds that seemed to shadow the horizon of the future were dispelled.{PP 643.3}[3]
§9
上帝正在教训大卫学习信赖的美德。从前摩西怎样为他的工作预先受训练，耶和华照样使耶西的儿子有资格成为他选民的领袖。在他看守羊群的工作上，他领会到那位大牧者对自己草场上的羊群所有的照顾。[4]{PP 644.1}
§10
God was teaching David lessons of trust. As Moses was trained for his work, so the Lord was fitting the son of Jesse to become the guide of His chosen people. In his watchcare for his flocks, he was gaining an appreciation of the care that the Great Shepherd has for the sheep of His pasture.{PP 644.1}[4]
§11
大卫带着羊群所飘泊的寂寞山岭和荒芜峡谷，乃是猛兽潜伏之地。约旦河边丛林中的狮子或山间隐密处的大熊时常被饥饿所迫，凶狠地出来袭击羊群。依着当时的习惯，大卫只带着甩石的机弦和一根牧人的杖；但他很早就在保护羊群的事上显明他的力量和勇敢。后来他讲述这些遭遇时说：“有时来了狮子，有时来了熊，从群中衔一只羊羔去。我就追赶它，击打它，将羊羔从它口中救出来；它起来要害我，我就揪着它的胡子，将它打死。”（撒上17:34-35）大卫在这些经历上受了考验，并培养了勇敢、刚毅和信心的美德。[5]{PP 644.2}
§12
The lonely hills and the wild ravines where David wandered with his flocks were the lurking place of beasts of prey. Not infrequently the lion from the thickets by the Jordan, or the bear from his lair among the hills, came, fierce with hunger, to attack the flocks. According to the custom of his time, David was armed only with his sling and shepherds staff; yet he early gave proof of his strength and courage in protecting his charge. Afterward describing these encounters, he said: When there came a lion, or a bear, and took a lamb out of the flock, I went out after him, and smote him, and delivered it out of his mouth: and when he arose against me, I caught him by his beard, and smote him, and slew him. 1 Samuel 17:34, 35, R.V. His experience in these matters proved the heart of David and developed in him courage and fortitude and faith.{PP 644.2}[5]
§13
大卫在还未被召到扫罗的宫廷之前，已经因勇敢的行为而著名了。扫罗的臣仆把他介绍给王时，曾说他“是大有勇敢的战士，说话合宜。”他又说：“耶和华也与他同在。”（撒上16:18）[6]{PP 644.3}
§14
Even before he was summoned to the court of Saul, David had distinguished himself by deeds of valor. The officer who brought him to the notice of the king declared him to be a mighty valiant man, and a man of war, and prudent in matters, and he said, The Lord is with him.{PP 644.3}[6]
§15
当以色列人向非利士人宣战时，耶西的三个儿子曾跟随扫罗出征，但大卫仍住在家里。后来有一次，他去探望扫罗的营。他奉了父命，带着家信和食品给他的哥哥们，看看他们是否平安，是否健好。但这个青年牧人实在还领受了一个更大的使命，是耶西所不知道的。因为这时候以色列的军队正在危急之中，所以有一位天使指引大卫去拯救他的百姓。[7]{PP 644.4}
§16
When war was declared by Israel against the Philistines, three of the sons of Jesse joined the army under Saul; but David remained at home. After a time, however, he went to visit the camp of Saul. By his fathers direction he was to carry a message and a gift to his elder brothers and to learn if they were still in safety and health. But, unknown to Jesse, the youthful shepherd had been entrusted with a higher mission. The armies of Israel were in peril, and David had been directed by an angel to save his people.{PP 644.4}[7]
§17
大卫走近军营时就听到骚动的声音，好像是战事即将爆发。“军兵刚出战场，呐喊要战。”（撒上17:20）以色列人和非利士人都摆列队伍，严阵以待。大卫跑到阵上，问他哥哥们安。当他和他们说话的时候，非利士人的战士歌利亚出来，用侮辱的话向以色列人骂阵，要他们派一个人出来与他决战。他再三这样挑战，大卫看见全以色列人都惊惶害怕，并知道这非利士人天天向他们挑战，竟没有一个战士出来打倒这个傲慢的人，他心中就振奋起来了。他殷切地想要出来维护永生上帝的尊荣和他百姓的声望。[8]{PP 645.1}
§18
As David drew near to the army, he heard the sound of commotion, as if an engagement was about to begin. And the host was going forth to the fight, and shouted for the battle. Israel and the Philistines were drawn up in array, army against army. David ran to the army, and came and saluted his brothers. While he was talking with them, Goliath, the champion of the Philistines, came forth, and with insulting language defied Israel and challenged them to provide a man from their ranks who would meet him in single combat. He repeated his challenge, and when David saw that all Israel were filled with fear, and learned that the Philistines defiance was hurled at them day after day, without arousing a champion to silence the boaster, his spirit was stirred within him. He was fired with zeal to preserve the honor of the living God and the credit of His people.{PP 645.1}[8]
§19
以色列军士气不振，斗志消沉。他们彼此说：“这上来的人，你看见了吗？他上来，要向以色列人骂阵。”大卫羞愤交加地说：“这未受割礼的非利士人是谁呢？竟敢向永生上帝的军队骂阵吗？”[9]{PP 645.2}
§20
The armies of Israel were depressed. Their courage failed. They said one to another, Have ye seen this man that is come up? surely to defy Israel is he come up. In shame and indignation, David exclaimed, Who is this uncircumcised Philistine, that he should defy the armies of the living God?{PP 645.2}[9]
§21
大卫的长兄以利押听见了这话。他深知那激起这青年人的是什么样的情绪。大卫在作牧人的时候，就已显出了罕有的胆量和潜力；撒母耳到他们父家的神秘访问，以后又悄然的离去，都曾在大卫弟兄们心中引起疑惑。不知先知的访问究竟是什么目的。当他们看见大卫受到尊荣超过他们时，心中就起了嫉妒。他们并没有因大卫的正直以及手足之情，而给予他应得的招待和爱惜，他们看他不过是一个年轻的牧人。如今以利押认为大卫所发的问题乃是责难他的怯懦，暗示他为什么不敢去杀死那非利士巨人。所以他长兄发怒地说：“你下来作什么呢？在旷野的那几只羊，你交托了谁呢？我知道你的骄傲，和你心里的恶意；你下来，特为要看争战。”大卫恭敬而肯定的回答说：“我作了什么呢？我来岂没有缘故吗？”[10]{PP 645.3}
§22
Eliab, Davids eldest brother, when he heard these words, knew well the feelings that were stirring the young mans soul. Even as a shepherd, David had manifested daring, courage, and strength but rarely witnessed; and the mysterious visit of Samuel to their fathers house, and his silent departure, had awakened in the minds of the brothers suspicions of the real object of his visit. Their jealousy had been aroused as they saw David honored above them, and they did not regard him with the respect and love due to his integrity and brotherly tenderness. They looked upon him as merely a stripling shepherd, and now the question which he asked was regarded by Eliab as a censure upon his own cowardice in making no attempt to silence the giant of the Philistines. The elder brother exclaimed angrily, Why camest thou down hither? and with whom hast thou left those few sheep in the wilderness? I know thy pride, and the naughtiness of thine heart; for thou art come down that thou mightest see the battle. Davids answer was respectful but decided: What have I now done? Is there not a cause?{PP 645.3}[10]
§23
大卫的话传到了王的耳中，他就召这青年人到面前来。大卫对扫罗说：“人都不必因那非利士人胆怯；你的仆人要去与那非利士人战斗。”扫罗听到这牧人的话就深为惊异。他想要劝阻大卫，但这青年人的意志很坚决。他用简单而谦恭的话述说自己看守父亲羊群时所有的经历。他又说：“耶和华救我脱离狮子和熊的爪，也必救我脱离这非利士人的手。扫罗对大卫说：你可以去吧；耶和华必与你同在。”[11]{PP 646.1}
§24
The words of David were repeated to the king, who summoned the youth before him. Saul listened with astonishment to the words of the shepherd, as he said, Let no mans heart fail because of him; thy servant will go and fight with this Philistine. Saul strove to turn David from his purpose, but the young man was not to be moved. He replied in a simple, unassuming way, relating his experiences while guarding his fathers flocks. And he said, The Lord that delivered me out of the paw of the lion, and out of the paw of the bear, He will deliver me out of the hand of this Philistine. And Saul said unto David, Go, and the Lord be with thee.{PP 646.1}[11]
§25
以色列军队在这非利士巨人的傲慢挑战之前恐惧战兢，已有四十天之久。每当他们看到这身高六肘零一虎口（约一丈）的巨人时，他们就心惊胆颤起来。他头带铜盔，身穿重有五千舍客勒的铠甲，腿上有铜护膝。铠甲是用铜片连接而成，像鱼鳞一般，而且又接连得非常紧密，以至任何枪或弓箭都不能穿透。巨人背负着一枝铜戟，或称为矛。“枪杆粗如织布的机轴，铁枪头重六百舍客勒,有一个拿盾牌的人在他前面走。”[12]{PP 646.2}
§26
For forty days the host of Israel had trembled before the haughty challenge of the Philistine giant. Their hearts failed within them as they looked upon his massive form, in height measuring six cubits and a span. Upon his head was a helmet of brass, he was clothed with a coat of mail that weighed five thousand shekels, and he had greaves of brass upon his legs. The coat was made of plates of brass that overlaid one another, like the scales of a fish, and they were so closely joined that no dart or arrow could possibly penetrate the armor. At his back the giant bore a huge javelin, or lance, also of brass. The staff of his spear was like a weavers beam; and his spears head weighed six hundred shekels of iron; and one bearing a shield went before him.{PP 646.2}[12]
§27
每天早晚，歌利亚走近以色列人的营，大声呼叫说：“你们出来摆列队伍作什么？我不是非利士人吗？你们不是扫罗的仆人吗？可以从你们中间拣选一人，使他下到我这里来。他若能与我战斗，将我杀死，我们就作你的仆人；我若胜了他，将他杀死，你们就作我们的仆人，服侍我们。那非利士人又说：我今日向以色列人的军队骂阵；你们叫一个人出来，与我战斗。”[13]{PP 646.3}
§28
Morning and evening Goliath had approached the camp of Israel, saying with a loud voice, Why are ye come out to set your battle in array? am not I a Philistine, and ye servants to Saul? choose you a man for you, and let him come down to me. If he be able to fight with me, and to kill me, then will we be your servants: but if I prevail against him, and kill him, then shall ye be our servants, and serve us. And the Philistine said, I defy the armies of Israel this day; give me a man, that we may fight together.{PP 646.3}[13]
§29
扫罗虽然准许大卫向歌利亚应战，他却不大相信大卫在他大胆的尝试上能以成功。王吩咐把自己的盔甲给这青年穿戴。于是人就把那沉重的铜盔戴在他头上，又给他穿上铠甲，把王的刀挂在腰间。装备之后，他就出发应战去了。但不久他又回来了。一班热切的旁观者一看见他回来，以为他决定不肯冒生命的危险去向那势力悬殊的对手应战。但这勇敢的青年一点也没有这种意念。当他回到扫罗面前之时，他求王准他脱掉这沉重的盔甲，说：“我穿戴这些不能走，因为素来没有穿惯。”于是他脱了王的盔甲，手里只拿一根杖，一个牧人带的囊袋和一个简单的机弦。他在溪中挑选了五块光滑的石子放在袋里，手中拿着甩石的机弦，就去迎那非利士人。巨人昂视阔步而来，希望遇见以色列中一个最有能力的战士。拿盾牌的人走在前面，他的神气好像没有任何人能抵挡他似的。当他走近大卫时，他看见这个对手不过是一个年轻童子，就因他年轻而藐视他。大卫的红润面色，结实筋肉，因没有盔甲遮盖，正好显露出来；但他的体格和那非利士人巨大的身材比起来悬殊极了。[14]{PP 646.4}
§30
Though Saul had given David permission to accept Goliaths challenge, the king had small hope that David would be successful in his courageous undertaking. Command was given to clothe the youth in the kings own armor. The heavy helmet of brass was put upon his head, and the coat of mail was placed upon his body; the monarchs sword was at his side. Thus equipped, he started upon his errand, but erelong began to retrace his steps. The first thought in the minds of the anxious spectators was that David had decided not to risk his life in meeting an antagonist in so unequal an encounter. But this was far from the thought of the brave young man. When he returned to Saul he begged permission to lay aside the heavy armor, saying, I cannot go with these; for I have not proved them. He laid off the kings armor, and in its stead took only his staff in his hand, with his shepherds scrip and a simple sling. Choosing five smooth stones out of the brook, he put them in his bag, and, with his sling in his hand, drew near to the Philistine. The giant strode boldly forward, expecting to meet the mightiest of the warriors of Israel. His armor-bearer walked before him, and he looked as if nothing could withstand him. As he came nearer to David he saw but a stripling, called a boy because of his youth. Davids countenance was ruddy with health, and his well-knit form, unprotected by armor, was displayed to advantage; yet between its youthful outline and the massive proportions of the Philistine, there was a marked contrast.{PP 646.4}[14]
§31
歌利亚看见大卫，又是奇异，又是愤怒，说：“你拿杖到我这里来，我岂是狗呢？”于是他指着他所知道的诸神，用最龌龊的话咒骂大卫。他鄙夷地说：“来吧，我将你的肉给空中的飞鸟，田野的走兽吃。”[15]{PP 647.1}
§32
Goliath was filled with amazement and anger. Am I a dog, he exclaimed, that thou comest to me with staves? Then he poured upon David the most terrible curses by all the gods of his knowledge. He cried in derision, Come to me, and I will give thy flesh unto the fowls of the air, and to the beasts of the field.{PP 647.1}[15]
§33
大卫在非利士的战士面前并没有示弱。他迈步向前，对他的敌手说：“你来攻击我，是靠着刀枪和铜戟；我来攻击你，是靠着万军之耶和华的名，就是你所怒骂带领以色列军队的上帝。今日耶和华必将你交在我手里；我必杀你，斩你的头；又将非利士军兵的尸首，给空中的飞鸟地上的野兽吃；使普天下的人都知道以色列中有上帝；又使这众人知道耶和华使人得胜，不是用刀用枪；因为争战的胜败全在乎耶和华；他必将你们交在我们手里。”[16]{PP 647.2}
§34
David did not weaken before the champion of the Philistines. Stepping forward, he said to his antagonist: Thou comest to me with a sword, and with a spear, and with a shield: but I come to thee in the name of the Lord of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom thou hast defied. This day will the Lord deliver thee into mine hand; and I will smite thee, and take thine head from thee; and I will give the carcasses of the host of the Philistines this day unto the fowls of the air, and to the wild beasts of the earth; that all the earth may know that there is a God in Israel. And all this assembly shall know that the Lord saveth not with sword and spear: for the battle is the Lords, and He will give you into our hands. {PP 647.2}[16]
§35
他的话语中毫无惧怕的声调，他的面色显出胜利欢乐的仪容。他说话的声音宏亮，犹如黄钟一般响彻山谷，在两旁列阵的千万军兵都听得清清楚楚。这时歌利亚不胜大怒，暴跳如雷。他在盛怒之下，把保护他前额的铜盔向后一推，冲过来，向他的敌手猛扑。耶西的儿子正在准备着应付仇敌；“非利士人起身，迎着大卫前来；大卫急忙迎着非利士人，往战场跑去。大卫用手从囊中掏出一块石子，用机弦甩去，打中非利士人的额；石子进入额内，他就仆倒，面伏于地。”[17]{PP 648.1}
§36
There was a ring of fearlessness in his tone, a look of triumph and rejoicing upon his fair countenance. This speech, given in a clear, musical voice, rang out on the air, and was distinctly heard by the listening thousands marshaled for war. The anger of Goliath was roused to the very highest heat. In his rage he pushed up the helmet that protected his forehead and rushed forward to wreak vengeance upon his opponent. The son of Jesse was preparing for his foe. And it came to pass, when the Philistine arose, and came and drew nigh to meet David, that David hasted, and ran toward the army to meet the Philistine. And David put his hand in his bag, and took thence a stone, and slang it, and smote the Philistine in the forehead, that the stone sunk into his forehead; and he fell upon his face to the earth.{PP 648.1}[17]
§37
两军阵前的人开始惊骇。他们都确信大卫必要被杀，但当那石子飕飕地从空中掠过，一直向目标飞去时，他们只见那大能的战士身体发抖，双手前伸，好像忽然被打瞎眼睛似的。那巨人摇摆不定，步履蹒跚，便如一株被砍的大树倒了下来。大卫片刻未停，立即跳到卧在地上的非利士人身边，双手拔出歌利亚的大刀。方才那个巨人还在夸口，说要用这把刀令这个青年人身首异处，把他的身体给空中的飞鸟吃呢；如今这把刀却举起向那夸口之人的头斩去，头便从他身上辊落了；登时以色列人营中欢声雷动。[18]{PP 648.2}
§38
Amazement spread along the lines of the two armies. They had been confident that David would be slain; but when the stone went whizzing through the air, straight to the mark, they saw the mighty warrior tremble, and reach forth his hands, as if he were struck with sudden blindness. The giant reeled, and staggered, and like a smitten oak, fell to the ground. David did not wait an instant. He sprang upon the prostrate form of the Philistine, and with both hands laid hold of Goliaths heavy sword. A moment before, the giant had boasted that with it he would sever the youths head from his shoulders and give his body to the fowls of the air. Now it was lifted in the air, and then the head of the boaster rolled from his trunk, and a shout of exultation went up from the camp of Israel.{PP 648.2}[18]
§39
非利士人惊惶失措，全营混乱，便仓惶溃逃；当希伯来人追赶他们逃亡的仇敌时，他们欢呼的声音震动了山岳；他们“追赶非利士人，直到迦特，和以革伦的城门。被杀的非利士人，倒在沙拉音的路上，直到迦特，和以革伦。以色列人追赶非利士人回来，就夺了他们的营盘，大卫将那非利士人的头，拿到耶路撒冷；却将他军装放在自己的帐棚里。”[19]{PP 648.3}
§40
The Philistines were smitten with terror, and the conclusion which ensued resulted in a precipitate retreat. The shouts of the triumphant Hebrews echoed along the summits of the mountains, as they rushed after their fleeing enemies; and they pursued the Philistines, until thou come to the valley, and to the gates of Ekron. And the wounded of the Philistines fell down by the way to Shaaraim, even unto Gath, and unto Ekron. And the children of Israel returned from chasing after the Philistines, and they spoiled their tents. And David took the head of the Philistine, and brought it to Jerusalem; but he put his armor in his tent. (649){PP 648.3}[19]