第15章 以撒的婚姻
§1
第15章 以撒的婚姻
§2
Chap. 15 - The Marriage of Isaac
§3
亚伯拉罕年纪老迈，自觉不久于人世了；然而他还有一件未了的事，就是想求上帝的应许能实现在他的子孙身上。上帝指定以撒要继续亚伯拉罕作上帝律法的保守者和选民之父；可是他尚未曾娶妻。迦南地的居民沉溺于拜偶像的恶习之中，所以上帝禁止他的百姓与他们通婚，因为这样的婚姻必将引诱他们离道反教。先祖所怕的是那环绕着他儿子的种种腐化影响。亚伯拉罕平素对上帝的信心，和对他旨意的顺从，从以撒的品格上也都看得出来；但是那青年人的爱情是强烈的，而且他的性情又温柔和顺。如果与一个不敬畏上帝的女子结合，他就有委曲求全牺牲道义的危险。所以在亚伯拉罕看来，为他的儿子找一个配偶乃是一件非常重要的事；所以他切望以撒能与一个不至于引他离开上帝的女子结婚。[1]{PP 171.1}
§4
Abraham had become an old man, and expected soon to die; yet one act remained for him to do in securing the fulfillment of the promise to his posterity. Isaac was the one divinely appointed to succeed him as the keeper of the law of God and the father of the chosen people, but he was yet unmarried. The inhabitants of Canaan were given to idolatry, and God had forbidden intermarriage between His people and them, knowing that such marriages would lead to apostasy. The patriarch feared the effect of the corrupting influences surrounding his son. Abrahams habitual faith in God and submission to His will were reflected in the character of Isaac; but the young mans affections were strong, and he was gentle and yielding in disposition. If united with one who did not fear God, he would be in danger of sacrificing principle for the sake of harmony. In the mind of Abraham the choice of a wife for his son was a matter of grave importance; he was anxious to have him marry one who would not lead him from God.{PP 171.1}[1]
§5
古时，婚姻通常都是由父母作主的，这也是那些敬拜上帝之人的风俗。固然，他们不勉强儿女与他们所不能爱的人结婚，但是青年人的终身大事，总要受他们富有经验而敬畏上帝之父母的指导。儿女若违反这个习惯，就要被视为不孝，甚至于要被看作是犯罪了。[2]{PP 171.2}
§6
In ancient times marriage engagements were generally made by the parents, and this was the custom among those who worshiped God. None were required to marry those whom they could not love; but in the bestowal of their affections the youth were guided by the judgment of their experienced, God-fearing parents. It was regarded as a dishonor to parents, and even a crime, to pursue a course contrary to this.{PP 171.2}[2]
§7
以撒素来信赖他父亲的睿智和慈爱，所以甘愿把婚事托付他的父亲，并且也相信上帝必指引他所作的选择。先祖亚伯拉罕想到米所波大米的父家，他们虽然没有完全脱离拜偶像的恶习，但总还是认识并敬拜真神的。以撒决不能离开迦南到他们那里去；但是在那里或许能找到一个女子愿意离开父家，来与他一同保持对永生上帝的纯洁崇拜。亚伯拉罕就把这件事托付他“最老的仆人”以利以谢。这个仆人是一个敬虔、老练、稳健的人，并曾多年忠心地服侍他。亚伯拉罕要他在耶和华面前严肃立誓，决不为以撒娶迦南的女子为妻，却要在米所波大米拿鹤的家中为以撒拣选一个女子。亚伯拉罕吩咐他不可带以撒去。若是找不到一个愿意离开本族的女子，则他所起的誓就可以作为罢论。先祖鼓励他担起这一件艰难而必须慎重处理的任务，并预祝上帝必要使他成功。他说：“耶和华天上的主，曾带领我离开父家和本族的地，……他必差遣使者在你面前。”（见创24:7-8）[3]{PP 171.3}
§8
Isaac, trusting to his fathers wisdom and affection, was satisfied to commit the matter to him, believing also that God Himself would direct in the choice made. The patriarchs thoughts turned to his fathers kindred in the land of Mesopotamia. Though not free from idolatry, they cherished the knowledge and the worship of the true God. Isaac must not leave Canaan to go to them, but it might be that among them could be found one who would leave her home and unite with him in maintaining the pure worship of the living God. Abraham committed the important matter to his eldest servant, a man of piety, experience, and sound judgment, who had rendered him long and faithful service. He required this servant to make a solemn oath before the Lord, that he would not take a wife for Isaac of the Canaanites, but would choose a maiden from the family of Nahor in Mesopotamia. He charged him not to take Isaac thither. If a damsel could not be found who would leave her kindred, then the messenger would be released from his oath. The patriarch encouraged him in his difficult and delicate undertaking with the assurance that God would crown his mission with success. The Lord God of heaven, he said, which took me from my fathers house, and from the land of my kindred, . . . He shall send His angel before thee.{PP 171.3}[3]
§9
仆人立时出发，带了十匹骆驼，为他自己的同伴和那可能与他一同回来的新妇及她的从者之用；又预备了赠与新妇和她亲友的礼物，就跋涉长途，经过大马士革，前往东方大河流域的富饶平原去了。他们到了哈兰“拿鹤的城，”就停在城外，靠近众女子傍晚出来打水的井旁。在他，那正是思潮起伏的一段时间。由于他所作的选择，其结果的重要，不但关系他主人的家，而且也关系将来的世代；他将如何在完全陌生的人中作聪明的选择呢？他忆起亚伯拉罕所说上帝必要差遣天使与他同在的话，于是就恳切地祈求上帝赐给他明白的指引，他在主人家中惯于看见仁爱好客的举动，所以这时他祈求能看到一次殷勤有礼的行为，作为上帝所拣选之女子的特征。[4]{PP 172.1}
§10
The messenger set out without delay. Taking with him ten camels for the use of his own company and the bridal party that might return with him, provided also with gifts for the intended wife and her friends, he made the long journey beyond Damascus, and onward to the rich plains that border on the great river of the East. Arrived at Haran, the city of Nahor, he halted outside the walls, near the well to which the women of the place came at evening for water. It was a time of anxious thought with him. Important results, not only to his masters household, but to future generations, might follow from the choice he made; and how was he to choose wisely among entire strangers? Remembering the words of Abraham, that God would send His angel with him, he prayed earnestly for positive guidance. In the family of his master he was accustomed to the constant exercise of kindness and hospitality, and he now asked that an act of courtesy might indicate the maiden whom God had chosen.{PP 172.1}[4]
§11
他祷告的话还没有说完，上帝已经答应他了。在出来打水的许多女子中，一个有礼貌的女子引起了他的注意。当这女子来到井旁时，他就上前迎着她，求她将肩上水瓶里的水给他喝一点。女子立时和蔼地答应了他的要求，并自动地要为骆驼打水；在近东地带，就是贵族的女子，也常为自己父亲的牛羊作这样的服务。于是那仆人所求的记号业已显出。“那女子容貌极其俊美，”而且她那很自然的礼貌，证明她有一颗仁爱的心与活泼果敢的天性。直到此时，上帝的手一直是领导着那仆人的。他以丰厚的礼物答谢这女子的仁爱之后，就询问她的父母是谁，一知道她是亚伯拉罕侄儿彼土利的女儿，“那人就低头向耶和华下拜。”[5]{PP 172.2}
§12
Hardly was the prayer uttered before the answer was given. Among the women who were gathered at the well, the courteous manners of one attracted his attention. As she came from the well, the stranger went to meet her, asking for some water from the pitcher upon her shoulder. The request received a kindly answer, with an offer to draw water for the camels also, a service which it was customary even for the daughters of princes to perform for their fathers flocks and herds. Thus the desired sign was given. The maiden was very fair to look upon, and her ready courtesy gave evidence of a kind heart and an active, energetic nature. Thus far the divine hand had been with him. After acknowledging her kindness by rich gifts, the messengers asked her parentage, and on learning that she was the daughter of Bethuel, Abrahams nephew, he bowed down his head, and worshiped the Lord.{PP 172.2}[5]
§13
仆人要求在那女子的父家住宿，而且在他表示感谢的口气中，显出了他与亚伯拉罕的关系。那女子回去将一切经过的事告诉了家里的人，于是她的哥哥拉班就立刻跑出去，把客人和他的从者接到家里，款待他们。[6]{PP 173.1}
§14
The man had asked for entertainment at her fathers house, and in his expressions of thanksgiving had revealed the fact of his connection with Abraham. Returning home, the maiden told what had happened, and Laban, her brother, at once hastened to bring the stranger and his attendants to share their hospitality.{PP 173.1}[6]
§15
以利以谢不肯吃饭，直到他说明了他的任务，他在井旁的祷告，以及随着发生的一切事情。然后他就说：“现在你们若愿以慈爱诚实待我主人，就告诉我；若不然，也告诉我，使我可以或向左，或向右。”他们回答说：“这事乃出于耶和华，我们不能向你说好说歹。看哪，利百加在你面前，可以将她带去，照着耶和华所说的，给你主人的儿子为妻。”[7]{PP 173.2}
§16
Eliezer would not partake of food until he had told his errand, his prayer at the well, with all the circumstances attending it. Then he said, And now, if ye will deal kindly and truly with my master, tell me: and if not, tell me; that I may turn to the right hand, or to the left. The answer was, The thing proceedeth from the Lord: we cannot speak unto thee bad or good. Behold, Rebekah is before thee; take her, and go, and let her be thy masters sons wife, as the Lord hath spoken.{PP 173.2}[7]
§17
得到家里的人同意之后，他们就询问利百加是否愿意离开父家，到那么远的地方与亚伯拉罕的儿子结婚。利百加从所经过的事上相信上帝已拣选了她作以撒的妻子，所以她说：“我去。”[8]{PP 173.3}
§18
After the consent of the family had been obtained, Rebekah herself was consulted as to whether she would go to so great a distance from her fathers house, to marry the son of Abraham. She believed, from what had taken place, that God had selected her to be Isaacs wife, and she said, I will go.{PP 173.3}[8]
§19
那仆人预料他主人必要因他使命的成功而大大欢喜，所以不肯耽搁；到第二天清早，他们就动身回家了。当时亚伯拉罕住在别是巴，以撒曾在附近的乡间牧放牛羊，这时已回到父亲的帐棚等候仆人从哈兰回来。“以撒出来在田间默想；举目一看，见来了些骆驼；利百加举目看见以撒，就急忙下了骆驼；问那仆人说！这田间走来迎接我们的是谁？仆人说：是我的主人；利百加就拿帕子蒙上脸。仆人就将所办的一切事，都告诉以撒。以撒便领利百加进了他母亲撒拉的帐棚，娶了她为妻，并且爱她。以撒自从他母亲不在了，这才得了安慰。”[9]{PP 173.4}
§20
The servant, anticipating his masters joy at the success of his mission, was impatient to be gone; and with the morning they set out on the homeward journey. Abraham dwelt at Beersheba, and Isaac, who had been attending to the flocks in the adjoining country, had returned to his fathers tent to await the arrival of the messenger from Haran. And Isaac went out to meditate in the field at the eventide: and he lifted up his eyes, and saw, and, behold, the camels were coming. And Rebekah lifted up her eyes, and when she saw Isaac, she lighted off the camel. For she had said unto the servant, What man is that that walketh in the field to meet us? And the servant had said, It is my master: therefore she took a veil, and covered herself. And the servant told Isaac all things that he had done. And Isaac brought her into his mother Sarahs tent, and took Rebekah, and she became his wife; and he loved her: and Isaac was comforted after his mothers death.{PP 173.4}[9]
§21
亚伯拉罕曾注意自从该隐的日子以来，那些敬畏上帝之人与不敬畏上帝之人间通婚的结果。他自己与夏甲结婚，以及以实玛利和罗得之婚姻的后果，都摆在他面前。由于亚伯拉罕和撒拉缺少信心，结果生了以实玛利，公义的血统和不敬虔的血统混杂起来了。而且父亲在他儿子身上的影响力，被母亲拜偶像的本族和以实玛利的异教妻子的影响所抵消了。夏甲和她为以实玛利所娶的几个妻子的嫉妒，在以实玛利家中筑成了一道藩篱，亚伯拉罕虽然尽力想予以拆毁，也是徒然。[10]{PP 173.5}
§22
Abraham had marked the result of the intermarriage of those who feared God and those who feared Him not, from the days of Cain to his own time. The consequences of his own marriage with Hagar, and of the marriage connections of Ishmael and Lot, were before him. The lack of faith on the part of Abraham and Sarah had resulted in the birth of Ishmael, the mingling of the righteous seed with the ungodly. The fathers influence upon his son was counteracted by that of the mothers idolatrous kindred and by Ishmaels connection with heathen wives. The jealousy of Hagar, and of the wives whom she chose for Ishmael, surrounded his family with a barrier that Abraham endeavored in vain to overcome.{PP 173.5}[10]
§23
亚伯拉罕早年的教训，在以实玛利身上不是没有效果的，但是由于以实玛利几个妻子的影响，结果他的家里就拜起偶像来了。以实玛利既离开了父亲，家里又没有彼此相爱和敬畏上帝的心，反而时常吵闹纷争，使他至感痛苦，他就不得不到旷野去作一个酋长，过一种野蛮抢劫的生活了。“他的手要攻打人，人的手也要攻打他。”（创16:12）他在晚年固然悔改他的恶行，归向他父亲的上帝；可是他遗传给他子孙的特性仍然存留。他的后裔成了一个强暴好乱，崇奉异教的大族，经常是以撒后裔的麻烦和苦恼。[11]{PP 174.1}
§24
Abrahams early teachings had not been without effect upon Ishmael, but the influence of his wives resulted in establishing idolatry in his family. Separated from his father, and embittered by the strife and contention of a home destitute of the love and fear of God, Ishmael was driven to choose the wild, marauding life of the desert chief, his hand against every man, and every mans hand against him. Genesis 16:12. In his latter days he repented of his evil ways and returned to his fathers God, but the stamp of character given to his posterity remained. The powerful nation descended from him were a turbulent, heathen people, who were ever an annoyance and affliction to the descendants of Isaac.{PP 174.1}[11]
§25
罗得的妻子是一个自私自利不敬虔的妇人，罗得与亚伯拉罕的分离原是她的影响所造成的。若不是为了她，罗得就不会留在所多玛，很久得不到有智慧又敬畏上帝之先祖的劝诫。罗得若不是早年领受了亚伯拉罕忠心的教训，则他妻子的影响以及邪恶城市的薰染，必会使他背弃上帝。罗得的婚姻以及他拣选在所多玛居住，乃是遗留给后代一连串祸患的根苗。[12]{PP 174.2}
§26
The wife of Lot was a selfish, irreligious woman, and her influence was exerted to separate her husband from Abraham. But for her, Lot would not have remained in Sodom, deprived of the counsel of the wise, God-fearing patriarch. The influence of his wife and the associations of that wicked city would have led him to apostatize from God had it not been for the faithful instruction he had early received from Abraham. The marriage of Lot and his choice of Sodom for a home were the first links in a chain of events fraught with evil to the world for many generations.{PP 174.2}[12]
§27
敬畏上帝的人与不敬畏上帝的人结合，是不会没有危险的。“二人若不同心，岂能同行呢？”（摩3:3）婚姻的幸福和成功，有赖乎双方的同心联合；信主的和不信主的人之间，在嗜好、心情和志向上都是根本不同的。他们是在侍奉两个彼此不能和谐的主。无论一个人的节操是多么纯洁正确，但他那个不信主之配偶的影响，总有引诱他离弃上帝的趋势。[13]{PP 174.3}
§28
No one who fears God can without danger connect himself with one who fears Him not. Can two walk together, except they be agreed? Amos 3:3. The happiness and prosperity of the marriage relation depends upon the unity of the parties; but between the believer and the unbeliever there is a radical difference of tastes, inclinations, and purposes. They are serving two masters, between whom there can be no concord. However pure and correct ones principles may be, the influence of an unbelieving companion will have a tendency to lead away from God. {PP 174.3}[13]
§29
那在悔改之前已经结了婚的人，于悔改之后，夫妻在宗教信仰上虽然有很大的距离，但信主的人对忠于他的配偶有更大的责任；可是他应当把上帝的吩咐放在任何地上亲族关系之上，即使他遭受试炼和逼迫，也该如此。信主的丈夫或妻子的这种忠贞，再加上仁爱和温柔的态度，可能有感化力来争取那不信主的配偶。但是基督徒与不信主的人结婚乃是《圣经》所禁止的。主的指示是：“你们和不信的原不相配，不要同负一轭。”（林后6:14,17-18）[14]{PP 175.1}
§30
He who has entered the marriage relation while unconverted, is by his conversion placed under stronger obligation to be faithful to his companion, however widely they may differ in regard to religious faith; yet the claims of God should be placed above every earthly relationship, even though trials and persecution may be the result. With the spirit of love and meekness, this fidelity may have an influence to win the unbelieving one. But the marriage of Christians with the ungodly is forbidden in the Bible. The Lords direction is, Be ye not unequally yoked together with unbelievers. 2 Corinthians 6:14, 17, 18.{PP 175.1}[14]
§31
以撒很蒙上帝的重视，成了使世人得福之应许的继承者；然而当他父亲安排老练而敬畏上帝的仆人去为他拣选一个妻子时，他虽然已经四十多岁，还是顺从他父亲的意旨。《圣经》描述他婚姻的结果，乃是家庭幸福的一幅相爱美丽的景象：“以撒便领利百加进了他母亲撒拉的帐棚，娶了她为妻；并且爱她；以撒从他母亲不在了，这才得了安慰。”[15]{PP 175.2}
§32
Isaac was highly honored by God in being made inheritor of the promises through which the world was to be blessed; yet when he was forty years of age he submitted to his fathers judgment in appointing his experienced, God-fearing servant to choose a wife for him. And the result of that marriage, as presented in the Scriptures, is a tender and beautiful picture of domestic happiness: Isaac brought her into his mother Sarahs tent, and took Rebekah, and she became his wife; and he loved her: and Isaac was comforted after his mothers death.{PP 175.2}[15]
§33
今日的青年，以及自称为基督徒的，所采取的方针与以撒的作风是何等地悬殊啊！青年人往往觉得恋爱完全是个人所要决定的事，这件事无论是上帝或父母，都不应干预。他们还未成人之先，早就认为自己有选择的能力，而不需要父母的帮助。可是他们只要过几年的婚后生活，就足以显明他们自己的错误，那时再想防止那悲惨的结果往往是太迟了。他们在匆匆选择配偶时所表现的愚妄和任性，在婚后的生活中势必变本加厉，以至婚姻成了苦恼的重轭。许多人就这样断送了今生的幸福和来生的指望。[16]{PP 175.3}
§34
What a contrast between the course of Isaac and that pursued by the youth of our time, even among professed Christians! Young people too often feel that the bestowal of their affections is a matter in which self alone should be consulted--a matter that neither God nor their parents should in any wise control. Long before they have reached manhood or womanhood they think themselves competent to make their own choice, without the aid of their parents. A few years of married life are usually sufficient to show them their error, but often too late to prevent its baleful results. For the same lack of wisdom and self-control that dictated the hasty choice is permitted to aggravate the evil, until the marriage relation becomes a galling yoke. Many have thus wrecked their happiness in this life and their hope of the life to come.{PP 175.3}[16]
§35
所以婚姻问题最需要加以慎重的考虑，并请教年长和富有经验之人的指导。而且在决定终身大事之前，应当以《圣经》为顾问，并在祷告中求上帝的引领。[17]{PP 175.4}
§36
If there is any subject which should be carefully considered and in which the counsel of older and more experienced persons should be sought, it is the subject of marriage; if ever the Bible was needed as a counselor, if ever divine guidance should be sought in prayer, it is before taking a step that binds persons together for life.{PP 175.4}[17]
§37
为父母的，决不可在那有关儿女将来幸福的事上忽略自己的责任。以撒之所以顺服他父亲的意旨，乃是因为素常受了父亲的训练，教训他喜爱度顺命的生活。当亚伯拉罕要他儿女尊重父母的权威时，他自己日常的生活证明了这种权威并不是自私或独断的管束，乃是以爱心为基础，并以儿女的利益和幸福为前提的。[18]{PP 175.5}
§38
Parents should never lose sight of their own responsibility for the future happiness of their children. Isaacs deference to his fathers judgment was the result of the training that had taught him to love a life of obedience. While Abraham required his children to respect parental authority, his daily life testified that that authority was not a selfish or arbitrary control, but was founded in love, and had their welfare and happiness in view.{PP 175.5}[18]
§39
父母应当觉得自己负有责任引导青年人，把爱情寄托在那能作他们合适配偶者的身上。父母应当用自己的教训和榜样，借着上帝恩典的帮助，从儿女幼年的时候就下手陶冶他们的品格，使他们成为纯洁高尚的青年，并能与其他良善真诚的青年心心相印。因为人总是同声相应，同气相求的。务要在青年人心中及早培养喜爱真理、纯洁和良善的美德，以后他们就自然会与那些具有这种特性的人结交了。[19]{PP 176.1}
§40
Fathers and mothers should feel that a duty devolves upon them to guide the affections of the youth, that they may be placed upon those who will be suitable companions. They should feel it a duty, by their own teaching and example, with the assisting grace of God, to so mold the character of the children from their earliest years that they will be pure and noble and will be attracted to the good and true. Like attracts like; like appreciates like. Let the love for truth and purity and goodness be early implanted in the soul, and the youth will seek the society of those who possess these characteristics.{PP 176.1}[19]
§41
父母务要在自己的品格和家庭的生活上，表现天父的慈爱和恩惠。家庭务要充满温暖和喜乐。这对于儿女比田地或金钱更为宝贵。务要使家庭的爱在他们心中永存不灭，使他们后来在记忆中，以儿时的家庭为一个仅次于天国的平安和幸福的乐园。家庭中成员的性情不都是一样的，所以时常就有表现忍耐和宽容的必要；但借着爱心和自制，大家就能密切联合，和睦相处了。[20]{PP 176.2}
§42
Let parents seek, in their own character and in their home life, to exemplify the love and beneficence of the heavenly Father. Let the home be full of sunshine. This will be worth far more to your children than lands or money. Let the home love be kept alive in their hearts, that they may look back upon the home of their childhood as a place of peace and happiness next to heaven. The members of the family do not all have the same stamp of character, and there will be frequent occasion for the exercise of patience and forbearance; but through love and self-discipline all may be bound together in the closest union.{PP 176.2}[20]
§43
真的爱心是一种高尚圣洁的道德，其性质与那由于感情冲动，一遇严格考验就会忽然消灭的爱是完全不同的。青年人在父母的家中要忠于职责，为他们自己成立家室准备。他们务要在父母家中操练克己，表现仁爱、有礼和基督徒的同情。这样，就会在他们心中保持温暖与亲切的爱，凡从这种家庭出来的青年，到自己成家立业的时候，就知道如何增进他所选为终身配偶之人的幸福。于是婚姻就不会是恋爱的坟墓，乃是成为恋爱的开始了。[21]{PP 176.3}
§44
True love is a high and holy principle, altogether different in character from that love which is awakened by impulse and which suddenly dies when severely tested. It is by faithfulness to duty in the parental home that the youth are to prepare themselves for homes of their own. Let them here practice self-denial and manifest kindness, courtesy, and Christian sympathy. Thus love will be kept warm in the heart, and he who goes out from such a household to stand at the head of a family of his own will know how to promote the happiness of her whom he has chosen as a companion for life. Marriage, instead of being the end of love, will be only its beginning.{PP 176.3}[21]